Effective Jan 2025, updated UL 268 mandates:
Smoke obscuration ≤40% within 90s of thermal runaway (vs. 70% old)
Peak CO emission <500ppm (vs. 1000ppm)
Per NFPA, global energy storage installations hit 1.2TWh in 2025 (+48% YoY), requiring 1.8 tons/GWh of suppressants. Market to reach $730M, with China producing 67% of global supply. CATL and BYD’s new lines adopt 3rd-gen tech.
Tech Breakthroughs: Dual Mechanisms Redefine Safety
Material | 2025 Price Surge | Key Function | Substitution Progress |
Molybdenum | +185% | MoS₂ catalytic core | Wanrun’s FeS₂ doping (92% efficacy) |
Cerium | +230% | Rare earth oxygen storage | GEM’s 99.9% purity from scrap |
Tin | +76% | Organotin radical trapping | Albemarle bio-tin pilot success |
1.UL 268 New Test: Added “multi-module cascade failure” scenario (thermal spread >5m/s)
2.China’s GB/T 36276-2025: Bio-content grants certification bonus, boosting Wanrun exports 300%
3.Patent Barriers: Albemarle holds 78% organotin patents; Wanrun broke limits via Nabaltec acquisition
